总的来说,燃煤系统产生的汞的各种形态分布和捕集效果由下列因素决定:煤的类型和性质,燃烧条件,烟气处理系统类型和操作温度。
目前燃粉煤锅炉中应用的污染控制技术可使汞的排放削减0~98不等,具体见表2。
5结语
目前,我国在燃煤电厂锅炉系统中汞的研究才刚刚起步,而美国在这方面已经做了大量的实验研究,可以说为我们开展研究做了一个很好的前期积累。结合他们的经验,以下几个方面可以作为我们今后研究的课题:
(1)在颗粒物控制系统之前的可测量总汞和汞的形态分布的手动监测方法;
(2)同时监测汞和其他有毒痕量金属的手动监测方法;
(3)可直接检测和量化各种离子态汞的监测技术(包括HgCl2、HgCl、HgO、HgS、HgSO4和Hg(NO3)2;
(4)随着将来NOX控制要求的严格,优化汞排放的控制措施;
(5)针对亚烟煤和褐煤的最具成本效益的吸附剂;
(6)通过燃烧调节技术控制飞灰的捕捉;
(7)燃煤残渣和副产物中汞和其他有害金属的稳定性的研究。
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